Binary search
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二分法。
一般 pattern
low = 0
high = n
while low <= high:
mid = (low + high) // 2
mid_calc = f(mid)
if mid_calc == target:
return g(mid)
elif mid_calc < target:
low = mid + 1
else:
high = mid - 1
return default_retval
注意 low <= high
, low = mid + 1
和 high = mid - 1
。while
循环结束后 low
的值是新元素的插入位置。
变化
mid
赋值为 floor((left + right) / 2)
时,需要用 left = mid + 1
和 right = mid
,循环判断为 left < right
[1]
合并大于和等于的情况
如需找到元素第一次出现的下标(Leetcode 34. Find First and Last Position of Element in Sorted Array),可将 mid_calc
等于和大于的情况合并,并给新的 high 赋值时不 + 1
。
C++ 示例:[2]
int lower_bound(vector<int> &nums, int target) {
int low = 0;
int high = nums.size();
int mid;
while (low < high) {
mid = low + (high - low) / 2;
if (nums[mid] >= target) {
high = mid;
} else {
low = mid + 1;
}
}
return low;
}